What is acute gastroenteritis in children? What are the causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods of acute gastroenteritis in children?

Acute gastroenteritis is a very common acute gastrointestinal disease. The onset is rapid and recovery is also rapid, often manifested as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and so on. Infants and young children have poor gastrointestinal function, low resistance to external infections, and are prone to morbidity with slight discomfort. Pediatric enteritis is caused by unclean things, so the most important thing to prevent is the cleanliness and preservation of food.

What is acute gastroenteritis in children? What are the causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention methods of acute gastroenteritis in children?

Cause

1.Intestinal infection factor
In general, children with acute gastroenteritis are caused by infections in the intestines, often viruses and bacteria, and rotavirus infections are prone to occur in autumn and winter. Pathogenic E. coli is the most important bacterial infection.

2. Parenteral infection factors
Inflammation of the upper respiratory tract and nephritis, as well as diseases other than the gastrointestinal tract such as otitis media, may cause the secretion of digestive enzymes to decrease due to fever and absorption of bacterial toxins, and gastrointestinal motility may also increase, causing acute gastroenteritis.



3. Non-infectious factors

• Climate factors Climate changes, such as too cold to increase gastrointestinal motility, or overheating, so that gastric acid and digestive enzymes reduce secretion, can also cause acute gastroenteritis.
• Improper feeding If unreasonable feeding of infants, such as children eating too much or too little, or too early and eating too much starchy food, and suddenly changing food or weaning, may make The child has diarrhea and causes acute gastroenteritis.
• Allergic factors can cause acute gastrointestinal symptoms when allergic to milk, eggs, wheat, and nuts.

Clinical manifestation
Acute gastroenteritis is caused by mild diarrhea. It is generally in good condition. The stool is less than 10 times a day. It is yellow or yellowish green. A small amount of mucus or white soap is like a stool. The feces are not much. Sometimes the stool is "egg soup." kind". Acute gastroenteritis can also cause heavier diarrhea, which can be repeated several times a day to dozens of times. A lot of watery stools, a small amount of mucus, nausea and vomiting, low appetite, and sometimes vomiting coffee. If there is hypokalemia, there may be abdominal distension, symptoms of systemic poisoning; such as irregular low fever or high fever, irritability and lack of energy, consciousness, and even coma.

An examination
Regular stool examination and stool culture; blood white blood cell count can be normal or abnormal. If the symptoms are severe or persistent, stool culture can be used to detect bacteria, viruses or parasites. People who are suspected of severe dehydration should pay attention to monitoring electrolyte and kidney function. Further diagnosis should be assisted by examinations such as blood, vomit, and fecal culture.

Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests.

Treatment
The treatment of gastroenteritis in children is mainly etiological treatment and symptomatic treatment. If it is caused by indigestion, you can adjust your diet and take lactase, yeast tablets, etc. If it is caused by a bacterial infection, it should be treated with sensitive antibiotics. The child has vomiting, diarrhea and excessive water loss, and it is necessary to replenish water and electrolytes in time.

Prevention
Acute gastroenteritis in children is important in prevention. As long as parents understand the cause of the disease, rationally regulate the child's diet, pay attention to climate change, and prevent infection, they can prevent their children from getting the disease.