What are the classifications of acute gastroenteritis?

What are the classifications of acute gastroenteritis?

What are the classifications of acute gastroenteritis?

(1) Acute simple gastritis: Acute simple gastritis can be caused by chemical substances, physical factors, microbial infections or bacterial toxins. The gastric mucosal lesions are mainly congestion, edema, mucus secretion, surface covered with white or yellow exudate, may be accompanied by a bit of bleeding and mild erosion, the incidence of this disease is more rapid, mainly manifested as upper abdominal discomfort, pain, loss of appetite , nausea and vomiting.

Due to infection, the disease is often accompanied by acute enteritis and diarrhea, umbilical pain, severe cases may have fever, water loss, acidosis, and even shock. The disease has a short course and is self-limiting. The principle of treatment is mainly to eliminate the cause, symptomatic treatment, rational application of antibiotics and attention to correct water and electrolyte disorders.


(2) Acute erosive gastritis: Acute erosive gastritis is an acute gastritis characterized by multiple erosions of the gastric mucosa, often accompanied by bleeding. The stress state of oral drugs (such as salicylate preparation, vasopressin, indomethacin, reserpine, glucocorticoids, etc.), alcoholism and critical illness is a common cause. The typical clinical manifestations of this disease are upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hematemesis and black feces, but the amount of bleeding is generally small, and often intermittent, can be self-stop.

The treatment principle of acute erosive gastritis is mainly to actively treat the primary disease, eliminate the pathogenic factors, and do the corresponding acid and hemostasis treatment. If the upper gastrointestinal bleeding is timely, blood transfusion, infusion, and positive blood volume should be given.

(3) Acute corrosive gastritis: Acute corrosive gastritis is a gastric mucosal damage caused by swallowing strong alkali, strong acid or other corrosive agents. Gastric lesions in the mild manifestations of mucosal congestion, edema, erosion, severe cases may have acute ulcers, gastric wall necrosis or even perforation.

After swallowing the corrosive agent, the disease has a burning and suffocation in the mouth and throat, tongue edema, running and swallowing difficulties, and severe pain in the back of the sternum and upper abdomen. It may also have persistent hiccups, vomiting, coughing, and fever. Up to 100.4 ℉ ~ 102.2℉ , difficulty breathing, severe vomit is bloody, collapse, shock or even esophageal, gastric perforation caused by mediastinal inflammation, peritonitis. The disease is a serious medical emergency, it must be actively rescued early, monitoring vital signs, applying antidote, nutritional support and antibiotics to prevent infection.

(4) Acute suppurative gastritis: acute suppurative gastritis is a purulent lesion caused by bacterial infection of the stomach wall. The most common pathogens are streptococcus, followed by staphylococci and pneumococci and Escherichia coli. Respiratory or other infections, gastric ulcers, gastric polypectomy, and stomach surgery are the causes. The onset of the disease is rapid, the main clinical manifestations are chills, high fever, severe pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, vomiting, and occasional purulent vomit. Once the disease is diagnosed, surgery should be given immediately, and high-dose antibiotics should be used to control infection, correct shock, maintain water and electrolyte balance.